Kannada 
- Theoretical Framework
Meaning and Scope of Accounting.
Accounting concepts
Accounting principles
Accounting conventions
Accounting policies
Accounting estimates
Accounting Standards
Capital expenditure and revenue expenditure
Capital and revenue receipts
Contingent assets and contingent liabilities
Valuation principles - Accounting Process
Principles of double entry book- keeping
Journal
Subsidiary books
Trial balance.
Rectification of errors. - Bank Reconciliation Statement
- Inventories
Technique of inventory valuation and inventory record system. - Depreciation and Amortization
Meaning of Tangible and intangible assets,
Different Methods of computation of depreciation
Accounting treatment of depreciation
Change in depreciation method. - Bills of exchange and Promissory notes
Meaning of bills of exchange and promissory notes and their accounting treatment; accommodation bills. - Preparation of Final accounts of Sole Proprietors
Elements of financial statements, closing adjustment entries, trading account, profit and loss account and balance sheet of manufacturing and non- manufacturing entities. - Financial Statements of Not-for-Profit Organizations
Significance and preparation of receipt and payment account, income and expenditure account and balance sheet, difference between profit and loss account and income and expenditure account. - Accounts from Incomplete Records (excluding preparation of accounts based on ratios).
- Partnership and LLP Accounts
Final accounts of partnership firms and LLPs.
Admission, retirement and death of a partner including treatment of goodwill.
Dissolution of partnership firms and LLPs including piecemeal distribution of assets. - Company Accounts
Definition of shares and debentures.
Issue of shares and debentures, forfeiture of shares, re-issue of forfeited shares.
Redemption of preference shares and debentures (excluding purchase and redemption of own debentures and sinking fund method).
Accounting for bonus issue and right issue.
- Indian Regulatory Framework
Major Regulatory Bodies such as Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Corporate Affairs, SEBI, RBI, IBBI, Ministry of Law and Justice, etc. - The Indian Contract Act, 1872
General nature of contract, Consideration, Other essential elements of a valid contract, Performance of contract, Breach of contract, Contingent and Quasi Contract, Contract of Indemnity and Guarantee, Contract of Bailment and Pledge, Contract of Agency. - The Sale of Goods Act, 1930
Formation of the contract of sale, Conditions and Warranties, Transfer of ownership and Delivery of goods, Unpaid seller and his rights. - The Indian Partnership Act, 1932
General Nature of Partnership, Rights and Duties of partners, Reconstitution of firms, Registration and Dissolution of a firm. - The Limited Liability Partnership Act, 2008
Introduction-covering nature and scope, Essential features, Characteristics of LLP, Incorporation and Differences with other forms of organizations. - The Companies Act, 2013
Essential features of company, Corporate veil theory, Classes of companies, Types of share capital, Incorporation of company, Memorandum of Association, Articles of Association, Doctrine of Indoor Management. - The Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881
Meaning of Negotiable Instruments, Characteristics, Classification of Instruments, Different provisions relating to Negotiation, Presentment of Instruments, Rules of Compensation.
- Ratio and proportion, Indices and Logarithms:
Ratio and proportion and Time and work-related problems, Laws of Indices, Exponents and Logarithms and Anti Logarithms. - Equations:
Equations: Linear Simultaneous linear equations up to three variables, Quadratic and Cubic equations in one variable. Applications in Business related problems. - Linear Inequalities:
Linear Inequalities: Linear Inequalities in one and two variables and the solution space. - Mathematics of Finance:
Simple Interest
Compound interest
Nominal and Effective Rate of Interest
Present Value
Net Present Value
Future Value
Perpetuity
Annuities
Sinking Funds
Calculating of EMI
Calculations of Returns: Nominal and Effective rate of Return
Compound Annual growth rate (CAGR) - Permutations and Combinations:
Basic concepts of Permutations and combinations: Introduction, the factorial, permutations, results, circular permutations, permutations with restrictions, Combinations with standard results. - Sequence and Series:
Introduction Sequences, Series, Arithmetic and Geometric progression, Relationship between AM and GM and Sum of n terms of special series and Business Applications. - Sets, Relations, and Functions. Basics of Limits and Continuity functions.
- Basic applications of Differential and Integral calculus in Business and Economics (Excluding the trigonometric applications).
- Number series coding and Decoding and odd man out
- Direction Tests
- Seating Arrangements
- Blood Relations
- Unit 1: Statistical Representation of Data:
Diagrammatic representation of data, Frequency distribution, Graphical representation of Frequency Distribution – Histogram, Frequency Polygon, Ogive,Pie-chart.
Unit:2 Sampling:
Basic principles of sampling theory, comparison between sample survey and complete enumeration, some important terms associated sampling types of sampling, sampling and non-sampling errors. - Measures of Central tendency and Dispersion:
Measures of Central Tendency and Dispersion: Mean Median, Mode, Mean Deviation, Quartiles and Quartile Deviation, Standard Deviation, Co-efficient of Variation, Coefficient of Quartile Deviation. - Probability:
Independent and dependent events; mutually exclusive events. Total and Compound Probability and Bayes’ theorem. - Theoretical Distributions:
Random variables, Discrete and Continuous Random variables, Expectation of a discrete random variable, Theoretical Distributions: Binomial Distribution, Poisson distribution – basic application and Normal Distribution – basic applications. - Correlation and Regression:
Scatter diagram, Karl Pearson’s Coefficient of Correlation Rank Correlation, Regression lines, Regression equations, Regression coefficients. - Index Numbers:
Uses of Index Numbers, Problems involved in construction of Index Numbers, Methods of construction of Index Numbers. BSE SENSEX and NSE.
- Introduction to Business Economics
Meaning and scope of Business Economics.
Basic Problems of an Economy and Role of Price Mechanism. - Theory of Demand and Supply
Meaning and Determinants of Demand, Law of Demand and Elasticity of Demand – Price, Income and Cross Elasticity.
Theory of Consumer’s Behaviour –Indifference Curve approach.
Meaning and Determinants of Supply, Law of Supply and Elasticity of Supply, Market Equilibrium and Social Efficiency. - Theory of Production and Cost
Meaning and Factors of Production, Short Run and Long Run.
Law of Production – The Law of Variable Proportions and Laws of Returns to Scale, Producer’s Equilibrium.
Concepts of Costs – Short-run and long-run costs, Average and Marginal Costs, Total, Fixed and Variable Costs. - Price Determination in Different Markets
Market Structures: Perfect Competition, Monopoly and Monopolistic Competition. Using Game Theory to study Oligopoly.
Price Determination in these Markets.
Price- Output Determination under different Market Forms. - Determination of National Income
Macro Economic Aggregates and Measurement of National Income.
Determination of National Income: Keynes’ Two Sector Basic Model, Three Sectors and Four Sectors Models. - Business Cycles
Meaning
Phases
Features
Causes behind these Cycles - Public Finance
Fiscal functions: An Overview, Centre and State Finance.
Market Failure/ Government intervention to correct market failure.
Process of budget making: Sources of Revenue, Expenditure Management, and Management of Public Debt.
Fiscal Policy. - Money Market
Concept of Money Demand.
Important theories of Demand for Money.
Concept of Money Supply, Cryptocurrency, and other new terminology.
Monetary Policy. - International Trade
Theories of International Trade including theories of intra-industry trade by Krugman.
Trade Policy – The Instruments of Trade Policy.
Trade Negotiations.
Exchange Rates and its economic effects.
International Capital Movements: Foreign Direct Investment. - Indian Economy (Before 1950- Chanakya and Nand Vansh, OECD Paper (1950- 1991), Basic knowledge1991 Onwards.
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| Sl No | Purpose | Fees |
| 1 | ICAI Fees | 9,200 |
| 2 | ICAI Study Material | Free of cost |
| 3 | Exam registration | 1,500 per attempt |
| 4 | Private Coaching Fees | Between Rs.12,000 to 30,000 |
| Total Cost | Rs.23,000 to Rs.40,000 approximately. |
What are the entry routes to CA Course?
There are two entry routes to join CA Course
| Route 1 | : | CA Foundation Route |
| Route 2 | : | Direct Entry Route |
How to register to CA Foundation Course?
There are four different options to get enrolment to CA Foundation Course
| Option 1 | : | Pass Class X examination and get registered |
| Option 2 | : | Register while you are persuing last 6 months of your Class XII |
| Option 3 | : | Register after completing Class XII examination |
| Option 4 | : | Register while persuing graduation course after Class XII. |
What type of registration it will be under option (a) to option (d) above?
Option 1 and Option 2 above shall be referred as “Provisional (temporary) registration”. Your provisional admission to Foundation course will be confirmed only when you clear Class XII exams.
Registration under Option 3 and Option 4 it is treated as a valid registration to write CA Foundation Examination.
What is the opinion of Prerna Academy about different registration options?
Prerna Academy recommends that students should opt for Option 2 as it makes you eligible for September Examination to be held immediately after your Class XII.
What are the steps to pass CA Foundation Examination in brief?
| Step 1 | : | Get yourself validly registered with ICAI for CA Foundation Course |
| Step 2 | : | Wait for minimum 4 months |
| Step 3 | : | ICAI notifies about examination schedule in its official website |
| Step 4 | : | Fill the examination form and pay the examination fees |
| Step 5 | : | Download admit card and check the examination center allocated to you |
| Step 6 | : | Write the examination and pass with prescribed percentage of marks |
Can you please guide me about the registration process online?
| Step 1 | : | Visit https://www.icai.org/post/students-services |
| Step 2 | : | Click on the second option under the Student Services Segment i.e. Entry level forms (Foundation and Intermediate (Direct Entry)) |
| Step 3 | : | Fill in the personal details asked for. Importantly, provide Email-ID and mobile number wherein OTP will be sent |
| Step 4 | : | Submit softcopies of list of documents asked for |
| Step 5 | : | After successful submission, ICAI will confirm the registration |
What shall be the registration fees to CA Foundation Course?
Rs. 9,000
Note:
Prerna Academy recommends that students should opt for Journal which is available at nominal fees as it boosts your knowledge and get more insights on CA Course and different CA related topics.
How many examinations will be held for CA Foundation Course in a year?
As per the ICAI announcement dated 24th April, 2024, the Institute has decided that [from 2024 onwards] Foundation course Examinations will be held thrice in a year in the month of May/June, September, and January.
What is the cut off date for registration to make yourself eligible for the aforesaid examination?
Minimum four months prior to your examination i.e.
- For May/June attempt : Registration shall be made on or before 1st January
- For September attempt : Registration shall be made on or before 1st May and
- For January attempt : Registration shall be made on or before 1st September
Note:
Prerna Academy recommends that students should do the registration at least 6 months prior to your examination because you can get study material on time, you can have a proper glance into your syllabus in depth, you can plan your financial burden, you can properly plan your coaching classes etc.
Do we have to get any minimum marks in Class XII to register for CA Foundation Course?
Yes. It is 50% or more in Class XII examination.
What are the Papers at Foundation Level?
| Paper 1 | : | Accounting [100 Marks] |
| Paper 2 | : | Business Laws [100 Marks] |
|
Paper 3
|
:
|
Business Mathematics [40 Marks] |
| Logical Reasoning [20 Marks] | ||
| Statistics [40 Marks] | ||
| Paper 4 | : | Business Economics [100 Marks] |
Where could we access the syllabus for the above papers?
https://resource.cdn.icai.org/74845bos60515-foundation.pdf
Will ICAI provide study material for the above papers?
Visit https://cds.icai.org/ui/l/
The study material will be delivered to your home at free of cost as the cost is already covered in the registration fees.
Further, study material is also available online at https://boslive.icai.org/study_material_new_paper_details.php?c=foundation&language=English
How will be the examination pattern?
Paper Numbers 1 & 2 will be subjective type while paper numbers 3 & 4 will be objective type [MCQ Pattern] with negative marking.
What is negative marking?
For every wrong answer one-fourth of a mark will be deducted
Let us explain this with one example
In paper 3, assume a student had attempted for all 100 marks
Out of which he/she made 60 correct answers and 40 wrong answers.
So, his/her final marks will be 50 because 10 marks [i.e. 40 wrong answers * 0.25] will be deducted for wrong answers.
What are the passing criteria?
Get minimum of 40% marks in each paper and minimum of 50% marks in the aggregate of all the papers.
Let us explain this with few examples
Example 1:
Paper 1 – 40
Paper 2 – 40
Paper 3 – 40
Paper 4 – 40
Total – 160
Result – FAIL
Example 2:
Paper 1 – 50
Paper 2 – 50
Paper 3 – 50
Paper 4 – 50
Total – 200
Result – PASS
Example 3:
Paper 1 – 50
Paper 2 – 50
Paper 3 – 50
Paper 4 – 40
Total – 190
Result – FAIL
Example 4:
Paper 1 – 60
Paper 2 – 40
Paper 3 – 60
Paper 4 – 40
Total – 200
Result – PASS
Is there any validity period specified for CA Foundation Course?
Yes. It is 4 years from your first eligible CA Foundation Examination attempt.
Is there any option to renew your registration after 4 years?
No.
Many colleges offer in house classes for CA Foundation from Class XI itself. What is the opinion of Prerna Academy on this?
In fact, these are brain washing and money-making strategy adopted by colleges and their associated CA coaching centers. Since ICAI itself recommended 4 months study training, we strongly believe that such recommendation is done this after deep thought process and research rather than cheap strategies which is sold outside. Following facts will also justify our stand
- You will be already undergoing minimum six hours in your colleges for pursuing Class XI or Class XII every day. In addition to that if you are planning for extra CA Foundation class hours then is not a rational decision as there will not be much focus left on study.
- Some topics of CA Foundation levels are too like your Class XI and Class XII but thought in little advanced manner under CA Foundation paving way for confusion.
- Full pledged concentration and focus after clearing your class XII examination is more than sufficient to clear CA Foundation Course.
- Subjects are far familiar to what you have studied till your Class XII and hence, CA foundation does not require intense education training for two years as suggested by your colleges and its associated coaching centers.
So, Prerna Academy believes that please focus on Class XI and Class XII completely. Finish Class XII examination and then join coaching centers you prefer and give your full dedication for 12-14 hours a day completely to CA Foundation. If followed, then nothing in this world can stop you from passing CA Foundation in first attempt.
